Warner, C., & Phelps, R. (2008). The Relationship between Motivational Orientation & Educational Aspirations in Urban, African American Youth. Middle Grades Research Journal, 3(2), 71-85. African American youth are characterized as experiencing declining academic motivation and engagement while simultaneously maintaining optimism for their future success. Thus, researchers hypothesize academic motivation to be… Continue Reading The Relationship between Motivational Orientation & Educational Aspirations in Urban, African American Youth