Rowley, L. L., & Bowman, P. (2009). Risk, Protection, and Achievement Disparities among African American Males: Cross-Generation Theory, Research, and Comprehensive Intervention. The Journal of Negro Education, 78(3), 305-320. In this post-industrial global society, parental and student role strains may exacerbate social-ecological risks and academic difficulties of African American male… Continue Reading Risk, Protection, and Achievement Disparities among African American Males: Cross-Generation Theory, Research, and Comprehensive Intervention